Integration of Students Who Use AAC Systems in School

04/02/99

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Table of Contents

Integration of Students Who Use AAC Systems in School

Introduction to the Participation Model

Assessing Participation: Academic Settings

Opportunity Barriers to Particpation

Practice

Attitude

Knowledge

Skill

Access Assessment

Prepare to Participate

Developing an Expected Participation Profile

Academic: Competitive

Academic: Active

Academic: None

Social: Competitive

Social: Active

Social: Involved

Social: None

Integration

Independence

Staying with the Curriculum

Developing the Knowledge Base

Specialists as Consultants

Roles of Para-educators

Managing Reduced Communication Rates

Competition between AAC and Academic Instruction

Establishing Social Memberships

Communication Purposes in Classrooms

Communication characteristics of different purposes

Unofficial ìrulesî for participating in formal lessons

Rules (contíd)

Academic Particpation

Discourse issues in cooperative learning context

Academic Participation in ìseat workî

Communication Functions

Comprehension

Augmented Comprehension

Communication Functions

Confirmation Examples

Indication Examples

Indication response options

Manipulation Examples

Formulation Examples

Shifting the Expression Continuum

Classroom Roles

Interactional Roles

Classroom Interaction Scripts

Scripts (contíd)

Cooperative Learning

Social Talk

Instruction Time for Disabled and Nondisabled Students

Koppenhaver (1989) studied a child with physical disability

Koppenhaver & Yoder (1990) studied three adolescents:

How time is spent in elementary classrooms

Percent of school day allocated to various activities

Time spent in ìseat workî

Overall: Students Spend

Author: David Beukelman & Janet Sturm